Thermal cycler: Thermal cycler is the core component of PCR analyzer, which is used to control the cyclic reaction of reaction enzyme and target sample at different temperatures. Thermal cycler can achieve rapid temperature change through Peltier elements or other technologies, and maintain a specific temperature in each cycle. Thermal cycler usually includes one or more reaction modules, each of which can independently control temperature and time to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple samples.
Optical system: The optical system is used to detect and measure the fluorescent signal generated by PCR reaction. The optical system can determine the presence and quantity of the target by exciting the fluorescent marker (such as FAM, HEX or ROX) and detecting its fluorescence intensity. The optical system usually includes one or more excitation light sources, such as LED or laser lights, and a fluorescence detector, such as PMT (photomultiplier tube) or CCD (electronic imaging chip).
Software system: The software system is used to control the operation and data analysis of the PCR analyzer. Generally, the software system of the PCR analyzer can set the reaction conditions, monitor the reaction progress, record the reaction data and analyze the results. The software system can be connected to the PCR analyzer via USB, serial port or network, and provides a graphical interface and data analysis tools.
Sampling system: The sampling system is used to load and mix the PCR reaction system. Typically, the sampling system can automatically load samples and other compounds, such as primers and enzymes, and mix and dispense them before the reaction starts. The sampling system can achieve sample loading and dispensing through pipes, syringes or other means.
Circuit system: The circuit system is used to control and monitor the operating status of the PCR analyzer, including temperature, time, fluorescence intensity and other parameters. The circuit system can be implemented by a microcontroller, a digital signal processor or other electronic components.
Mechanical system: The mechanical system is used to move, adjust and control the mechanical parts of the PCR analyzer, such as the thermal cycler, the optical system and the sampling system. The mechanical system can be implemented by a transmission system, a drive system and a sensor system.